行动者中心制度主义:探究政策过程中的互动效应Actor-centered Institutionalism:Exploring the Interaction Effect in Policy Process
李文钊;
摘要(Abstract):
政策研究中的行动者中心制度主义是由德国学者弗里茨·沙普夫和雷娜特·迈因茨率先提出,并由弗里茨·沙普夫系统阐述而发展成为重要的政策过程理论。这一理论假设社会现实可以被解释为有目的行动者互动的结果,这些行动者包括个人、集体和公司行动者,他们之间互动在一个结构化环境中展开,并且互动结果是由他们所处的制度设置所塑造。公共政策的有效性和合法性,以及保证有效性和合法性得以产生的公共政策过程成为该研究关注的根本性问题。行动者、行动者集群、互动模式与制度成为这一框架和理论的要素,互动模式是其核心内容,存在单边行动、谈判协议、多数决策和等级命令等四种类型。行动者和制度有机结合,将会是制度理论的前沿方向。中国政策过程和治理过程将会为该理论的应用、检验及拓展提供更广阔的空间,在这一过程中我们也会形成理论发展的自觉。
关键词(KeyWords): 行动者中心制度主义;政策过程;行动者;互动模式;中国场景
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金“政治周期、制度摩擦与中国政策的间断性:基于1992-2016年中国预算变迁数据的实证研究”(71874198)
作者(Author): 李文钊;
Email:
DOI: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6597.2020.03.003
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- (1)“根本性问题”是一个学科或理论关注的核心问题和关键问题,它也是一种重要的研究和思考方式。例如孔飞力在《中国现代国家的起源》一书中开宗明义便提出,他所要讨论的是关于中国现代国家形成的“constitutional question”以及相关的“constitutional agenda”。孔飞力对此的定义是:“所谓‘根本性’问题,指的是当时人们关于为公共生活带来合法性秩序的种种考虑;所谓‘议程’,指的是人们在行动中把握这些考虑的意愿。”见孔飞力:《中国现代国家的起源》,陈兼、陈之宏译,生活·读书·新知三联书店2013年版,第144页。